There is a constant debate between this nutritious food and the benefits it offers and its negative effects like weight gain, elevated blood sugar levels, and allergies. But does this mean you have to stop consuming honey? Continue reading further to know more.
What Are The Side Effects Of Honey?
1. May Lead To Weight Gain
One tablespoon of honey (21 grams) contains 64 calories (1). It is relatively high in calories. Though this might not look like a lot, a number of such tablespoons every day for a long time can add up. This is especially true if one is not making other lifestyle changes accordingly. Honey is an added sugar. It is a sugar that is added to other foods and beverages during processing. Frequent intake of added sugars has been associated with weight gain (2). Reduced intake of added sugars, in general, was linked to lower weight gain (3). According to the WHO, it is important to keep daily sugar intake below 10% of the total calories (3).
2. May Cause Allergies
Though honey allergies are rare, increased intake of foods containing honey as a key ingredient may put one at risk. Individuals allergic to pollen could be allergic to honey as well (4). Honey allergies can lead to anaphylaxis, a potentially life-threatening condition (5). It is characterized by skin rashes, facial swelling, nausea, vomiting, and shock. This allergy is believed to be caused by propolis, is a substance used by bees while building honeycombs. Propolis is a contact allergen (5).
3. May Cause Infant Botulism
Infant botulism occurs when an infant ingests a bacterial spore that produces a toxin inside the body. This occurs due to the presence of C botulinum in honey, which is a bacterial strain. Research recommends not giving honey to infants less than a year old (6). Though most cases of infant botulism cannot be prevented (as the related bacteria are present in dust and soil as well), they are not harmful either. It is only when the bacterial spore produces a toxin in the infant’s digestive system that there is a problem. This is more likely to happen with honey (7). Hence, infants below the age of 1 year must be kept away from any and all products/supplements containing honey (even if in trace amounts). Infant botulism may result in the disruption of motor and autonomic functions in the infant (8). The symptoms may include constipation, floppiness, sagging eyelids, loss of facial expressions and head control, a weak cry, and respiratory failure (9).
4. May Elevate Blood Sugar Levels
Though honey could be a better alternative to table sugar, it still contains sugar. Studies state that people with diabetes must take honey with caution (10). Long-term intake of honey can increase the levels of hemoglobin A1C (hemoglobin that is bound to glucose) in the blood. High levels of hemoglobin A1C can mean a higher risk of diabetes (10). Honey may have effects similar to table sugar and high-fructose corn syrup (a harmful additive). In a study, all three ingredients elevated triglyceride levels and impaired glucose response in similar ways (11). However, some studies also state the anti-diabetic effects of honey (12). Honey may not be harmful for people with diabetes. It may have certain beneficial effects too. But if you are dealing with diabetes complications, we recommend you speak to your doctor before including it in your diet.
5. May Cause Diarrhea
Honey can cause diarrhea. It contains fructose in excess of glucose. This may lead to an incomplete fructose absorption in the body, potentially causing diarrhea (13).
6. May Cause Food Poisoning
Honey naturally contains microbes. These include bacteria, yeast, and molds, which come from dust, air, dirt, and pollen. But since honey has antimicrobial properties, these microbes are usually not a cause for concern (14). However, there is a possibility that honey could carry secondary contamination. This can come from processing by humans, containers, wind, and dust (14). Though this is rare, it is important to exercise caution. If you have a history of food poisoning, avoid honey or purchase it only from a reliable seller.
7. May Promote Tooth Decay
Honey contains sugar and is sticky (15). This may lead to tooth decay in the long run if one doesn’t rinse their mouth properly after consuming honey. Honey may cause tooth decay in children, more so if they are using pacifiers dipped in honey (16). The sugar in honey can provide food to oral bacteria, encouraging their growth. Some believe that natural sugars like honey may have similar cavity-producing effects as refined sugar. However, research is lacking in this aspect.
8. May Cause Bleeding
Honey can have an inhibitory effect on blood coagulation (17). While it is unclear if this can cause bleeding, there is a possibility. If you have any bleeding issues, please check with your doctor before taking honey.
Can you get sick from taking honey? Honey may contain natural toxins. Raw honey may contain spores of the bacteria Clostridium botulinum. The symptoms of poisoning due to honey intake depend on the types and levels of toxins. If you experience side effects, such as nausea and vomiting, contact your doctor immediately. Should you refrigerate honey? It is not necessary to refrigerate honey. Store it in a cool location away from direct sunlight. Can honey cause stomach gas? There is less research in this regard. But anecdotal evidence states it may cause gas. Some believe the fructose in honey may not be absorbed well in the gut and may end up getting fermented to cause gas and bloating. Does honey affect kidney stones? Limited information is available in this regard. However, some believe taking honey regularly with lemon juice may help reduce the pain due to kidney stones. Consult your doctor for more information in this regard. Does honey interact with medications? There’s no evidence suggesting that honey can interfere with medications. However, should you experience any such associated symptoms, stop honey intake and consult your doctor.
